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# <!-- rdoc-file=struct.c --> # Class Struct provides a convenient way to create a simple class that can store # and fetch values. # # This example creates a subclass of `Struct`, `Struct::Customer`; the first # argument, a string, is the name of the subclass; the other arguments, symbols, # determine the members of the new subclass. # # Customer = Struct.new('Customer', :name, :address, :zip) # Customer.name # => "Struct::Customer" # Customer.class # => Class # Customer.superclass # => Struct # # Corresponding to each member are two methods, a writer and a reader, that # store and fetch values: # # methods = Customer.instance_methods false # methods # => [:zip, :address=, :zip=, :address, :name, :name=] # # An instance of the subclass may be created, and its members assigned values, # via method `::new`: # # joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345) # joe # => #<struct Struct::Customer name="Joe Smith", address="123 Maple, Anytown NC", zip=12345> # # The member values may be managed thus: # # joe.name # => "Joe Smith" # joe.name = 'Joseph Smith' # joe.name # => "Joseph Smith" # # And thus; note that member name may be expressed as either a string or a # symbol: # # joe[:name] # => "Joseph Smith" # joe[:name] = 'Joseph Smith, Jr.' # joe['name'] # => "Joseph Smith, Jr." # # See Struct::new. # # ## What's Here # # First, what's elsewhere. Class Struct: # # * Inherits from [class # Object](Object.html#class-Object-label-What-27s+Here). # * Includes [module # Enumerable](Enumerable.html#module-Enumerable-label-What-27s+Here), which # provides dozens of additional methods. # # # Here, class Struct provides methods that are useful for: # # * [Creating a Struct # Subclass](#class-Struct-label-Methods+for+Creating+a+Struct+Subclass) # * [Querying](#class-Struct-label-Methods+for+Querying) # * [Comparing](#class-Struct-label-Methods+for+Comparing) # * [Fetching](#class-Struct-label-Methods+for+Fetching) # * [Assigning](#class-Struct-label-Methods+for+Assigning) # * [Iterating](#class-Struct-label-Methods+for+Iterating) # * [Converting](#class-Struct-label-Methods+for+Converting) # # # ### Methods for Creating a Struct Subclass # # ::new # : Returns a new subclass of Struct. # # # ### Methods for Querying # # #hash # : Returns the integer hash code. # #length, #size # : Returns the number of members. # # # ### Methods for Comparing # # [#==](#method-i-3D-3D) # : Returns whether a given object is equal to `self`, using `==` to compare # member values. # #eql? # : Returns whether a given object is equal to `self`, using `eql?` to compare # member values. # # # ### Methods for Fetching # # #[] # : Returns the value associated with a given member name. # #to_a, #values, #deconstruct # : Returns the member values in `self` as an array. # #deconstruct_keys # : Returns a hash of the name/value pairs for given member names. # #dig # : Returns the object in nested objects that is specified by a given member # name and additional arguments. # #members # : Returns an array of the member names. # #select, #filter # : Returns an array of member values from `self`, as selected by the given # block. # #values_at # : Returns an array containing values for given member names. # # # ### Methods for Assigning # # #[]= # : Assigns a given value to a given member name. # # # ### Methods for Iterating # # #each # : Calls a given block with each member name. # #each_pair # : Calls a given block with each member name/value pair. # # # ### Methods for Converting # # #inspect, #to_s # : Returns a string representation of `self`. # #to_h # : Returns a hash of the member name/value pairs in `self`. # class Struct[Elem] < Object include Enumerable[Elem?] type attribute_name = Symbol \| String # <!-- # rdoc-file=struct.c # - Struct.new(member_names, keyword_init: false){\|Struct_subclass\| ... } -> Struct_subclass # - Struct.new(class_name, member_names, keyword_init: false){\|Struct_subclass\| ... } -> Struct_subclass # - Struct_subclass.new(member_names) -> Struct_subclass_instance # - Struct_subclass.new(member_names) -> Struct_subclass_instance # --> # `Struct.new` returns a new subclass of `Struct`. The new subclass: # # May be anonymous, or may have the name given by `class_name`. # * May have members as given by `member_names`. # * May have initialization via ordinary arguments (the default) or via # keyword arguments (if `keyword_init: true` is given). # # # The new subclass has its own method `::new`; thus: # # Foo = Struct.new('Foo', :foo, :bar) # => Struct::Foo # f = Foo.new(0, 1) # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=1> # # \Class Name # # With string argument `class_name`, returns a new subclass of `Struct` named # `Struct::class_name`: # # Foo = Struct.new('Foo', :foo, :bar) # => Struct::Foo # Foo.name # => "Struct::Foo" # Foo.superclass # => Struct # # Without string argument `class_name`, returns a new anonymous subclass of # `Struct`: # # Struct.new(:foo, :bar).name # => nil # # Block # # With a block given, the created subclass is yielded to the block: # # Customer = Struct.new('Customer', :name, :address) do \|new_class\| # p "The new subclass is #{new_class}" # def greeting # "Hello #{name} at #{address}" # end # end # => Struct::Customer # dave = Customer.new('Dave', '123 Main') # dave # => #<struct Struct::Customer name="Dave", address="123 Main"> # dave.greeting # => "Hello Dave at 123 Main" # # Output, from `Struct.new`: # # "The new subclass is Struct::Customer" # # Member Names # # Symbol arguments `member_names` determines the members of the new subclass: # # Struct.new(:foo, :bar).members # => [:foo, :bar] # Struct.new('Foo', :foo, :bar).members # => [:foo, :bar] # # The new subclass has instance methods corresponding to `member_names`: # # Foo = Struct.new('Foo', :foo, :bar) # Foo.instance_methods(false) # => [:foo, :bar, :foo=, :bar=] # f = Foo.new # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=nil, bar=nil> # f.foo # => nil # f.foo = 0 # => 0 # f.bar # => nil # f.bar = 1 # => 1 # f # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=1> # # Singleton Methods # # A subclass returned by Struct.new has these singleton methods: # # * Method `::new ` creates an instance of the subclass: # # Foo.new # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=nil, bar=nil> # Foo.new(0) # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=nil> # Foo.new(0, 1) # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=1> # Foo.new(0, 1, 2) # Raises ArgumentError: struct size differs # # Method `::[]` is an alias for method `::new`. # # * Method `:inspect` returns a string representation of the subclass: # # Foo.inspect # # => "Struct::Foo" # # * Method `::members` returns an array of the member names: # # Foo.members # => [:foo, :bar] # # # Keyword Argument # # By default, the arguments for initializing an instance of the new subclass are # ordinary arguments (not keyword arguments). With optional keyword argument # `keyword_init: true`, the new subclass is initialized with keyword arguments: # # # Without keyword_init: true. # Foo = Struct.new('Foo', :foo, :bar) # Foo # => Struct::Foo # Foo.new(0, 1) # => #<struct Struct::Foo foo=0, bar=1> # # With keyword_init: true. # Bar = Struct.new(:foo, :bar, keyword_init: true) # Bar # => # => Bar(keyword_init: true) # Bar.new(bar: 1, foo: 0) # => #<struct Bar foo=0, bar=1> # def initialize: (attribute_name, *attribute_name, ?keyword_init: boolish) ?{ () -> void } -> void # <!-- # rdoc-file=struct.c # - each {\|value\| ... } -> self # - each -> enumerator # --> # Calls the given block with the value of each member; returns `self`: # # Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip) # joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345) # joe.each {\|value\| p value } # # Output: # # "Joe Smith" # "123 Maple, Anytown NC" # 12345 # # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given. # # Related: #each_pair. # def each: () -> ::Enumerator[Elem?, self] \| () { (Elem? item) -> void } -> self # <!-- # rdoc-file=struct.c # - StructClass::members -> array_of_symbols # --> # Returns the member names of the Struct descendant as an array: # # Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip) # Customer.members # => [:name, :address, :zip] # def self.members: () -> ::Array[Symbol] # <!-- # rdoc-file=struct.c # - StructClass::keyword_init? -> true or falsy value # --> # Returns `true` if the class was initialized with `keyword_init: true`. # Otherwise returns `nil` or `false`. # # Examples: # Foo = Struct.new(:a) # Foo.keyword_init? # => nil # Bar = Struct.new(:a, keyword_init: true) # Bar.keyword_init? # => true # Baz = Struct.new(:a, keyword_init: false) # Baz.keyword_init? # => false # def self.keyword_init?: () -> (true \| false \| nil) end